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 <title>Democratization</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization</link>
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 <title>The Future of Democracy in Lebanon</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/podcast/the-future-democracy-lebanon</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;Political and sectarian struggles have long plagued Lebanon, a country that seems to be perpetually steeped in crisis. From the assassination of Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri in 2005 to the forced deadlock of the Lebanese government by Hezbollah in 2006, democracy in Lebanon seems to be a constant struggle in a delicate balance of power. Even with the recent turn of events and the election of a president, many questions remain for the future of governance in Lebanon. What will it take to overcome governmental crises and sectarian differences? Is democracy sustainable in the divided society?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/podcast/the-future-democracy-lebanon&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://www.mideasti.org/podcast/the-future-democracy-lebanon#comments</comments>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <enclosure url="http://www.mideasti.org/audio/download/4586/The-Future-of-Democracy-in-Lebanon.mp3" length="17078274" type="audio/mpeg" />
 <itunes:duration>71:09</itunes:duration>
 <itunes:author>Riad al-Khouri and Graeme Bannerman</itunes:author>
 <itunes:summary>Political and sectarian struggles have long plagued Lebanon, a country that seems to be perpetually steeped in crisis. From the assassination of Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri in 2005 to the forced deadlock of the Lebanese government by Hezbollah in 2006, democracy in Lebanon seems to be a constant struggle in a delicate balance of power. Even with the recent turn of events and the election of a president, many questions remain for the future of governance in Lebanon. What will it take to overcome governmental crises and sectarian differences? Is democracy sustainable in the divided society? Riad al-Khouri and Graeme Bannerman addressed these issues in a discussion of the &quot;Future of Democracy in Lebanon.&quot;</itunes:summary>
 <itunes:subtitle>Remarks given on June 27, 2008 in the Boardman Room of the Middle East Institute.</itunes:subtitle>
 <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
 <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 15:18:43 -0400</pubDate>
 <dc:creator />
 <guid isPermaLink="false">4586 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
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<item>
 <title>General Musharraf, A Dignified Exit</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/general-musharraf-a-dignified-exit</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;“Old Generals never die, they just fade away.”  After nearly nine years as Pakistan’s military dictator and President, it is time for Pervez Musharraf to step aside in the interests of his country.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/general-musharraf-a-dignified-exit&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/general-musharraf-a-dignified-exit#comments</comments>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2008 14:45:59 -0400</pubDate>
 <dc:creator />
 <guid isPermaLink="false">4661 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Lebanon’s Shia Deserve a Greater Voice</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/lebanon-s-shia-deserve-greater-voice</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;American objectives in Lebanon are clear, reasonable and honorable.  The United States wants an independent, democratic Lebanon free from foreign interference, particularly from Syria and Iran.  It also wants a prosperous Lebanon at peace with its neighbors, including Israel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/lebanon-s-shia-deserve-greater-voice&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/lebanon-s-shia-deserve-greater-voice#comments</comments>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/political-social-economic-reform">Political, Social &amp;amp; Economic Reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/sunni-shia-relations">Sunni &amp;amp; Shia Affairs</category>
 <pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 11:29:00 -0400</pubDate>
 <dc:creator />
 <guid isPermaLink="false">4193 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Pakistan at a Crossroad</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/pakistan-crossroad</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;Over the next several years, Pakistan will either become the nation that the clear majority of its people want – a modern democracy based on constitutional law – or, it will implode under extreme pressures and fall under autocratic rule by Islamist extremists.  The general elections on February 18 are an important but not the only step in determining that outcome.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/pakistan-crossroad&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/elections">Elections</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/ethnic-and-religious-minorities">Ethnic and Religious Minorities</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/middle-east-affairs">Middle East Affairs</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/political-social-economic-reform">Political, Social &amp;amp; Economic Reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/reform">Reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/regional-security">Regional Security</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/us-foreign-policy">US Foreign Policy</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 15:39:52 -0500</pubDate>
 <dc:creator />
 <guid isPermaLink="false">3908 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Pakistan&#039;s Best Chance</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/pakistans-best-chance</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;Rarely in situations of such volatility as Pakistan faces today is the objective so clear. Pakistan needs stability. The greatest threat to the country derives from internal terrorism, lawlessness and fractured regional politics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/commentary/pakistans-best-chance&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/conflict-resolution">Conflict Resolution</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/elections">Elections</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/middle-east-affairs">Middle East Affairs</category>
 <pubDate>Thu,  3 Jan 2008 10:29:58 -0500</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Wendy J. Chamberlin and Marvin Weinbaum</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">3793 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Iraq: Maliki in Crisis</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/iraq-maliki-crisis</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki appears to be trying to address the serious divisions in his cabinet and a parliament in disarray amid questions as to whether there is any real hope he can ever deliver on key American goals that might draw Iraq’s Sunni Arabs back into the political mainstream.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/iraq-maliki-crisis&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/post-conflict-reconstruction">Post-Conflict Reconstruction</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/sunni-shia-relations">Sunni &amp;amp; Shia Affairs</category>
 <pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 2007 16:00:28 -0400</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Wayne White</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">3562 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Solving the Saudi Succession Puzzle</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/solving-saudi-succession-puzzle</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;If there is one thing the ruling princes of 					Saudi Arabia have shown they are good at, it is self-preservation. 					They demonstrated their skill once again last month with an 					adroit political maneuver that drew little media notice in 					this country because of the carnage in Iraq, but could have 					long term significance for the the Gulf region and for the 					United States.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/solving-saudi-succession-puzzle&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/culture-and-society">Culture and Society</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/elections">Elections</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/law">Law</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/middle-east-affairs">Middle East Affairs</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/peace-process">Peace Process</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/political-economy">Political Economy</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 29 Nov 2006 12:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Thomas W. Lippman</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1829 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Iraq Security and Accountability</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/iraq-security-and-accountability</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc577.html&quot; title=&quot;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc577.html&quot;&gt;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc577.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The recent controversy over missing weapons 					underscores how our own carelessness often has aided the insurgency 					as well as Iraq&amp;#8217;s burgeoning militias. This is an old 					story, going back to our earliest efforts to &amp;#8220;stand 					up&amp;#8221; the Iraqi army and police during the first year 					after the Iraq invasion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/iraq-security-and-accountability&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/conflict-resolution">Conflict Resolution</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/sunni-shia-relations">Sunni &amp;amp; Shia Affairs</category>
 <pubDate>Thu,  2 Nov 2006 12:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Wayne White</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1828 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Washington and Iraqi Governance: Time to Back Off</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/washington-and-iraqi-governance-time-back</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc570.html&quot; title=&quot;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc570.html&quot;&gt;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc570.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A series of apparent US ultimatums and veiled political threats aimed at the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki in recent weeks&amp;#8212;especially Maliki himself&amp;#8212;is but the latest example of excessive US involvement in the Iraqi political process.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/washington-and-iraqi-governance-time-back&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/political-social-economic-reform">Political, Social &amp;amp; Economic Reform</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/post-conflict-reconstruction">Post-Conflict Reconstruction</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/us-foreign-policy">US Foreign Policy</category>
 <pubDate>Tue, 10 Oct 2006 12:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Wayne White</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1824 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Promoting Democracy in the Middle East</title>
 <link>http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/promoting-democracy-middle-east</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc548.html&quot; title=&quot;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc548.html&quot;&gt;http://66.223.107.101/articles/doc548.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following memo was written in 1955 by MEI Scholar-in-Residence Richard Parker, who was at the time a US Political Officer in Amman, Jordan. These were his comments on a State Department message about promoting democracy in the Middle East. They still have relevance today, five decades later:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mideasti.org/scholars/editorial/promoting-democracy-middle-east&quot;&gt;read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/democratization">Democratization</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/us-foreign-policy">US Foreign Policy</category>
 <category domain="http://www.mideasti.org/issue/us-arab-relations">US-Arab Relations</category>
 <pubDate>Thu,  3 Aug 2006 12:00:00 -0400</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Richard Parker</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1821 at http://www.mideasti.org</guid>
</item>
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