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With both awareness and misconceptions of Islam and the Arab world increasing since 9/11, the German government has sought to gain insight into both the political and religious roles of Islam. Commissioner Gunter Mulack was appointed to dialogue with the Islamic world three years ago, after serving his country as an ambassador in the Middle East. In approaching dialogue between countries, Mulack asserts, it is critical to “understand their view of us.”

The Commissioner pointed out that, in seeking understanding, both sides need to be interested in learning more about the other. He explained that dialogue cannot simply be among only those in a society who agree about simple issues. Countries and groups with different agendas and views need to take part in the dialogue as well. Differences of opinion cannot be avoided, but can be dealt with in a limited system. Mulack urged that when Western countries approach the Arab world, both sides “engage in serious discussion about problems” and not just politics. Mulack explained that Germany is well suited for this role. He asserted that since Germany was never a colonial power in the Arab world, there is a stronger basis of confidence and trust among Arabs.

Why have Western countries failed at public diplomacy with the region in the past? The Commissioner explained that, in being “missionaries for democracy”, there has been little success in the Arab world due to perceived double standards and lack of self-critical dialogue. Media outlets in the West and the Arab world regularly publish stereotypical images, adding to misconceptions and distrust. Worse yet, Mulack explained, are the realities of the Iraq war, the Abu Ghraib scandal, and the situation in Afghanistan.

Mulack addressed a few issues that should be addressed in order to help pave the complex road ahead. First, he explained, Arabs want democracy but not from the top down. According to Mulack, the largest obstacle ahead will be the disenchantment of young Arab men with their governments. A grassroots democracy movement will have to emerge to be successful. Secondly, Mulack believes, both the West and the Arab world must work against stereotypes in the media. Next, Western countries must also help and not simply impose policies. Finally, a sense of credibility must emerge from both dialogue and action; there can no longer be double standards.